The four quarterly deadlines

The IRS requires estimated tax payments four times a year. Note that the quarters are not equal in length — Q1 covers three months, Q2 covers only two, Q3 covers three, and Q4 covers four. This quirk trips up a lot of first-time payers.

QuarterIncome PeriodDue DateNotes
Q1 2025January 1 – March 31, 2025April 15, 2025Same day as Tax Day
Q2 2025April 1 – May 31, 2025June 16, 2025Shifted — June 15 falls on Sunday
Q3 2025June 1 – August 31, 2025September 15, 2025
Q4 2025September 1 – December 31, 2025January 15, 2026
Q1 2026January 1 – March 31, 2026April 15, 2026Same day as Tax Day
Q2 2026April 1 – May 31, 2026June 15, 2026
Q3 2026June 1 – August 31, 2026September 15, 2026
Q4 2026September 1 – December 31, 2026January 15, 2027

Why Q2 only covers two months

The IRS estimated tax calendar doesn't align neatly with calendar quarters. Q2 covers April and May only — just two months — while Q4 covers a full four months. This has been the standard structure for decades and is unlikely to change.

The practical implication: your Q2 payment is due just 60 days after your Q1 payment. If you're not tracking deadlines carefully, this can sneak up on you.

Advertisement

What happens if a deadline falls on a weekend or holiday

When a due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday, the deadline automatically moves to the next business day. For example, if June 15 falls on a Sunday, your Q2 payment is due Monday, June 16.

This is why you'll occasionally see dates like "June 16" or "April 17" in official IRS guidance — the underlying deadline shifted due to a weekend or holiday.

What to do if you miss a deadline

Pay as soon as possible. The underpayment penalty only accrues on the amount that's late, so catching up immediately minimizes the damage. Missing one quarter's deadline doesn't affect other quarters.

When you file your annual return, you'll complete Form 2210 to calculate any penalties owed. In many cases, the penalty is small — often just a few dollars per $1,000 underpaid per quarter.

In some circumstances — casualty, disaster, or unusual hardship — the IRS may waive the penalty entirely. See our penalty guide for details.

The January 15 exception

You can skip the Q4 estimated payment (normally due January 15) if you file your full tax return and pay any balance owed by January 31. This option is useful if you want to wrap everything up in one filing rather than making a separate payment first.

How to pay on time — every time

The easiest approach: set up four scheduled payments through EFTPS (eftps.gov) at the start of the year. You log in once, schedule all four dates, and you're done. The IRS withdraws the payments automatically on the dates you specify.

Alternatively, IRS Direct Pay (irs.gov/payments) lets you make individual payments without registration — but you have to remember to go back each quarter.